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10_SpringCloud_Config分布式配置中心

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2019-12-08 / 0 评论 / 0 点赞 / 36,432 阅读 / 18,652 字 / 正在检测是否收录...
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10_SpringCloud_Config分布式配置中心

SpringCloud Config配置中心概述

分布式系统面临的配置问题

微服务意味着要将单个应用中的业务拆分成一个一个子服务,每个服务的粒度相对较小,因此系统中会出现大量的服务。由于每个服务都需要必要的配置信息才能运行,所以一套集中式的、动态的配置管理设施是必不可少的。

SpringCloud提供了Config Server来解决这个问题,我们每一个微服务自己带着一个application.yaml,上百个配置文件的管理......

SpringCloud Config是什么?

image-20191208212304136

SpringCloud Config为微服务架构中的微服务提供集中化的外部配置支持,配置服务器为各个不同的微服务应用的所有环境提供了一个中心化的外部配置

SpringCloud Config怎么玩?

SpringCloud Config分为服务端和客户端两部分

  • 服务端:

    服务端也称为分布式配置中心,它是一个独立的微服务应用,用于连接配置服务器并且为客户端提供获取配置信息,加密/解密信息等访问接口;

  • 客户端:

    客户端则通过指定的配置中心来管理应用资源,以及业务相关的配置内容,并在启动的时候从配置中心获取和加载配置信息;

    配置服务器默认采用git来存储配置信息,这样就有助于对环境配置进行版本管理,并且可以通过git客户端工具来方便的管理和访问配置内容;

SpringCloud Config能干嘛?

  1. 集中管理配置文件

  2. 不同环境不同配置,动态化的配置更新,分环境部署,比如dev/test/prod/beta/release

  3. 运行期间动态调整配置,不再需要在每个服务部署的机器上编写配置文件,服务会向配置中心统一拉取配置自己的信息

  4. 当配置发生变动的时候,服务不需要重新启动即可感知配置的变化并应用新的配置

  5. 将配置信息已REST接口的形式暴露

SpringCloud Config与GitHub整合配置

由于SpringCloud Config默认使用的是Git来存储配置文件(也有其他的方式,比如支持SVN和本地文件),但最推荐的还是Git,而且使用的是http/https访问的形式;

SpringCloud Config服务端配置

  1. 用自己的GitHub账号在GitHub上新建一个名为microservicecloud-config的新仓库

  2. 由上一步获得SSH协议的git地址在本地硬盘目录上新建git仓库并clone

    • git clone git@github.com:tomxwd/microservicecloud-config.git
  3. 在本地的microservicecloud-config里面新建一个application.yaml

    必须要用UTF-8的形式保存!!!

    # 切记保存为UTF-8形式
    spring:
      profiles:
        active:
          -dev
    ---
    spring:
      profiles: dev     # 开发环境
      application:
        name: microservicecloud-config-tomxwd-dev
    ---
    spring:
      profiles: test    # 测试环境
      application:
        name: microservicecloud-config-tomxwd-test
    
  4. 将上一步的yaml文件推送到github上

    git add .

    git commit -m "提交配置文件"

    git push origin master

  5. 新建Module模块microservicecloud-config-3344,它就是Cloud的配置中心模块

  6. pom.xml

    • 修改部分:

      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-cloud-config-server</artifactId>
      </dependency>
      

      如果报错就加:

      <!-- 报错就加这个依赖 -->
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.eclipse.jgit</groupId>
          <artifactId>org.eclipse.jgit</artifactId>
          <version>4.6.0.201612231935-r</version>
      </dependency>
      
    • 完整内容:

      <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
      <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
               xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
               xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
          <parent>
              <artifactId>microservicecloud</artifactId>
              <groupId>top.tomxwd</groupId>
              <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
          </parent>
          <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
      
          <artifactId>microservicecloud-config-3344</artifactId>
      
          <dependencies>
              <!-- springcloud-config -->
              <dependency>
                  <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                  <artifactId>spring-cloud-config-server</artifactId>
              </dependency>
              <!-- 将微服务provider注册进Eureka -->
              <!--        <dependency>-->
              <!--            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>-->
              <!--            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>-->
              <!--        </dependency>-->
              <!-- 报错就加这个依赖 -->
              <!--        <dependency>-->
              <!--            <groupId>org.eclipse.jgit</groupId>-->
              <!--            <artifactId>org.eclipse.jgit</artifactId>-->
              <!--            <version>4.6.0.201612231935-r</version>-->
              <!--        </dependency>-->
              <!-- 图形化监控 -->
              <dependency>
                  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
              </dependency>
              <!-- 熔断 -->
              <dependency>
                  <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                  <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId>
              </dependency>
              <!-- 内嵌jetty容器 -->
              <dependency>
                  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId>
              </dependency>
              <dependency>
                  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
              </dependency>
              <dependency>
                  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
              </dependency>
              <!-- 热部署 -->
              <dependency>
                  <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                  <artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
              </dependency>
              <dependency>
                  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                  <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
              </dependency>
          </dependencies>
      
      </project>
      
  7. application.yaml

    server:
      port: 3344
    spring:
      application:
        name: microservicecloud-config
      cloud:
        config:
          server:
            git:
    #          uri: git@github.com:tomxwd/microservicecloud-config.git
              uri: https://github.com/tomxwd/microservicecloud-config.git
              default-label: master
              search-paths: /
    #          ignoreLocalSshSettings: true
    ##          hostKey: someHostKey
    ##          hostKeyAlgorithm: ssh-rsa
    #          privateKey:
    

    如果报git clone错误就用https的形式填写GitHub仓库地址;

  8. 主启动类Config_3344_StartSpringCloudApp

    @SpringBootApplication
    @EnableConfigServer
    public class Config_3344_StartSpringCloudApp {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(Config_3344_StartSpringCloudApp.class,args);
        }
    
    }
    
  9. windows下修改hosts文件,增加映射

    • 127.0.0.1 config-3344.com
  10. 测试通过Config微服务是否可以从GitHub上获取配置内容

  11. 配置读取规则

  12. 成功实现了用SpringCloud Config通过GitHub的方式获取配置信息

SpringCloud Config客户端配置与测试

  1. 在本地microservicecloud-config仓库路径下新建文件microservicecloud-config-client.yaml

  2. microservicecloud-config-client.yaml内容

    spring:
      profiles:
        active:
          - dev
    
    ---
    server:
      port: 8201
    spring:
      profiles: dev
      application:
        name: microservice-config-client
    eureka:
      client:
        service-url: http://eureka-dev.com:7001/eureka/
    ---
    server:
      port: 8202
    spring:
      profiles: test
      application:
        name: microservice-config-client
    eureka:
      client:
        service-url: http://eureka-test.com:7001/eureka/
    
  3. 将上一步的文件推送到GitHub中;

  4. 新建microservicecloud-config-client-3355

  5. pom.xml

    • 修改部分:

      <!-- SpringCloud Config 客户端 Client -->
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
      </dependency>
      
    • 完整内容:

      <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
      <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
               xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
               xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
          <parent>
              <artifactId>microservicecloud</artifactId>
              <groupId>top.tomxwd</groupId>
              <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
          </parent>
          <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
      
          <artifactId>microservicecloud-config-client-3355</artifactId>
      
          <dependencies>
              <!-- SpringCloud Config 客户端 Client -->
              <dependency>
                  <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                  <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
              </dependency>
               <!--将微服务provider注册进Eureka -->
              <dependency>
                  <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                  <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
              </dependency>
              <!-- 图形化监控 -->
              <dependency>
                  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
              </dependency>
              <!-- 熔断 -->
              <dependency>
                  <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                  <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId>
              </dependency>
              <!-- 内嵌jetty容器 -->
              <dependency>
                  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId>
              </dependency>
              <dependency>
                  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
              </dependency>
              <dependency>
                  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
              </dependency>
              <!-- 热部署 -->
              <dependency>
                  <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                  <artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
              </dependency>
              <dependency>
                  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                  <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
              </dependency>
          </dependencies>
      
      </project>
      
  6. bootstrap.yaml

    • 是什么?

      application.yaml是用户级的资源配置项

      bootstrap.yaml是系统级的,优先级更高

      SpringCloud会创建一个“Bootstrap Context”,作为Spring应用的“Application Context”的父上下文。在初始化的时候,“Bootstrap Context”负责从外部源加载配置属性并解析配置。这两个上下文共享一个从外部获取的“Environment”。“Bootstrap”属性拥有更高的优先级,默认情况下,它们不会被本地配置覆盖。

      “Bootstrap Context”和“Application Context”有着不同的约定,所以增加一个“bootstrap.yaml”文件,保证“Bootstrap Context”和“Application Context”配置的分离;

    • 内容:

      spring:
        cloud:
          config:
            name: microservicecloud-config-client # 需要从github上面读取的资源名称,注意没有yaml后缀名
            profile: dev                          # 本次访问的配置项
            label: master
            uri: http://config-3344.com:3344          # 本微服务启动后先去3344服务,通过SpringCloudConfig获取Github的服务地址
      
  7. application.yaml

    spring:
      application:
        name: microservicecloud-config-client
    
  8. windows下修改hosts文件,增加映射

    127.0.0.1 client-config.com

  9. 新建rest类,验证是否能够从GitHub上读取配置

    @RestController
    public class ConfigClientRest {
    
        @Value("${spring.application.name}")
        private String applicationName;
    
        @Value("${eureka.client.service-url}")
        private String eurekaServers;
    
        @Value("${server.port}")
        private String port;
    
        @RequestMapping("/config")
        public String getConfig() {
            String str = "applicationName: " + applicationName + "\t eurekaServers: " + eurekaServers + "\t port: " + port;
            System.out.println("*****************" + str);
            return str;
        }
    
    }
    
  10. 主启动类ConfigClient_3355_StartSpringCloudApp

    @SpringBootApplication
    public class ConfigClient_3355_StartSpringCloudApp {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(ConfigClient_3355_StartSpringCloudApp.class, args);
        }
    }
    
  11. 测试

  12. 成功实现了客户端3355访问SpringCloud Config3344通过GitHub获取配置信息

SpringCloud Config配置实战

目前的情况:

  1. Config服务端配置OK且测试通过,我们可以和Config以及GitHub进行配置修改并获得内容;
  2. 此时我们做一个Eureka以及一个Dept访问的微服务,将两个微服务的配置统一交给GitHub,实现统一配置分布式管理,完成多环境的变更;

步骤:

  1. GitHub配置文件本地配置

    • 在microservicecloud-config仓库下新建文件microservicecloud-config-eureka-client.yaml

    • microservicecloud-config-eureka-client.yaml内容:

      spring:
          profiles:
              active:
                  - dev
      ---
      server:
          port: 7001              # 注册中心占用7001端口,冒号后面必须要有空格
      spring:
          profiles: dev
          application:
              name: microservicecloud-config-eureka-client
      eureka:
          instance:
              hostname: eureka7001.com
          client:
              register-with-eureka: false        # 当前的eureka-server 不注册自己到服务列表中去
              fetch-registry: false               # 不通过eureka获取注册信息
              service-url:
                  defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka/
      ---
      server:
          port: 7001
      spring:
          profiles: test
          application:
              name: microservicecloud-config-eureka-client
      eureka:
          instance:
              hostname: eureka7001.com
          client:
              register-with-eureka: false
              fetch-registry: false
              service-url:
                  defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka/
      
    • 在microservicecloud-config仓库下新建文件microservicecloud-config-dept-client.yaml

    • microservicecloud-config-dept-client.yaml内容:

      spring:
          profiles:
              active:
                  - dev
      ---
      server:
          port: 8001
      spring:
          profiles: dev
          application:
              name: microservicecloud-config-dept-client
          datasourece:
              type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
              driver-class-name: org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver
              url: jdbc:mysql://120.25.120.125:12350/cloudDB01?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8        # 数据库名称
              username: root
              password: root
              dbcp2:
                  min-idle: 5
                  initial-size: 5
                  max-total: 5
                  max-wait-millis: 200
      mybatis:
          config-location: classpath:mybatis/mybatis.cfg.xml
          mapper-locations:
              - classpath: mybatis/mapper/**/*.xml
      eureka:
          client:
              service-url:
                  defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka/
          instance:
              instance-id: dept-8001.com
              prefer-ip-address: true
      info:
          app.name: tomxwd-microservicecloud
          company.name: www.tomxwd.top
          build.artifactId: $project.artifactId$
          bulid.version: $project.version$
      ---
      server:
          port: 8001
      spring:
          profiles: test
          application:
              name: microservicecloud-config-dept-client
          datasourece:
              type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
              driver-class-name: org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver
              url: jdbc:mysql://120.25.120.125:12350/cloudDB02?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8        # 数据库名称
              username: root
              password: root
              dbcp2:
                  min-idle: 5
                  initial-size: 5
                  max-total: 5
                  max-wait-millis: 200
      mybatis:
          config-location: classpath:mybatis/mybatis.cfg.xml
          mapper-locations:
              - classpath: mybatis/mapper/**/*.xml
      eureka:
          client:
              service-url:
                  defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka/
          instance:
              instance-id: dept-8001.com
              prefer-ip-address: true
      info:
          app.name: tomxwd-microservicecloud
          company.name: www.tomxwd.top
          build.artifactId: $project.artifactId$
          bulid.version: $project.version$
      
  2. Config版本的Eureka服务端

    • 新建工程microservicecloud-config-eureka-client-7001

    • pom.xml

      <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
      <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
               xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
               xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
          <parent>
              <artifactId>microservicecloud</artifactId>
              <groupId>top.tomxwd</groupId>
              <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
          </parent>
          <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
      
          <artifactId>microservicecloud-config-eureka-client-7001</artifactId>
      
          <dependencies>
              <!-- config服务端依赖 -->
              <dependency>
                  <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                  <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
              </dependency>
              <!-- eureka-server服务端 -->
              <dependency>
                  <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                  <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server</artifactId>
              </dependency>
              <!-- 热部署 -->
              <dependency>
                  <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                  <artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
              </dependency>
              <dependency>
                  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                  <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
              </dependency>
          </dependencies>
      
      </project>
      
    • bootstrap.yaml

      spring:
        cloud:
          config:
            name: microservicecloud-config-eureka-client
            profile: dev
            label: master
            uri: http://config-3344.com:3344
      
    • application.yaml

      spring:
        application:
          name: microservicecloud-config-eureka-client
      
    • 主启动类Config_Git_EurekaServerApplication

      @SpringBootApplication
      @EnableEurekaServer
      public class Config_Git_EurekaServerApplication {
      
          public static void main(String[] args) {
              SpringApplication.run(Config_Git_EurekaServerApplication.class, args);
          }
      
      }
      
    • 测试

  3. Config版本的Dept微服务

    • 参考之前的8001拷贝后新建工程microservicecloud-config-dept-client-8001

    • pom.xml

      <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
      <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
               xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
               xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
          <parent>
              <artifactId>microservicecloud</artifactId>
              <groupId>top.tomxwd</groupId>
              <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
          </parent>
          <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
      
          <artifactId>microservicecloud-config-dept-client-8001</artifactId>
          <dependencies>
              <dependency>
                  <groupId>top.tomxwd</groupId>
                  <artifactId>microservicecloud-api</artifactId>
                  <version>${project.version}</version>
              </dependency>
              <dependency>
                  <groupId>junit</groupId>
                  <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
              </dependency>
              <dependency>
                  <groupId>mysql</groupId>
                  <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
              </dependency>
              <dependency>
                  <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
                  <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
              </dependency>
              <dependency>
                  <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
                  <artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
              </dependency>
              <dependency>
                  <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
                  <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
              </dependency>
              <!-- 内嵌jetty容器 -->
              <dependency>
                  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId>
              </dependency>
              <dependency>
                  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
              </dependency>
              <dependency>
                  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
              </dependency>
              <!-- 热部署 -->
              <dependency>
                  <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                  <artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
              </dependency>
              <dependency>
                  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                  <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
              </dependency>
              <!-- 将微服务provider注册进Eureka -->
              <dependency>
                  <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                  <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
              </dependency>
              <dependency>
                  <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                  <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
              </dependency>
              <!-- actuator监控以及信息配置 -->
              <dependency>
                  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
              </dependency>
              <!-- SpringCloud-config配置 -->
              <dependency>
                  <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                  <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
              </dependency>
          </dependencies>
      </project>
      
    • bootstrap.yaml

      spring:
        cloud:
          config:
            name: microservicecloud-config-dept-client
            profile: dev
            label: master
            uri: http://config-3344.com:3344
      
    • application.yaml

      spring:
        application:
          name: microservicecloud-config-dept-client
      
    • 主启动类Config_Git_DeptProvider8001_App

      @SpringBootApplication
      // 本服务启动后会自动注册进Eureka服务中
      @EnableEurekaClient
      // 服务发现
      @EnableDiscoveryClient
      public class Config_Git_DeptProvider8001_App {
      
          public static void main(String[] args) {
              SpringApplication.run(Config_Git_DeptProvider8001_App.class,args);
          }
      
      }
      
    • 配置说明

      bootstrap.yaml里面:

      • 都是以spring.cloud.config开头,然后name指定的是github上读取的资源名称,不需要后缀,profile指定环境,label表示分支名,uri表示Config的地址
    • 测试

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